Integration of Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Collectors in District Heating Networks

Background

District heating (DH) networks are a cornerstone of urban energy systems, enabling efficient large-scale heat distribution to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. As cities and countries aim for low-carbon heating solutions, integrating renewable energy sources into DH networks has become a priority. Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collectors, which generate both electricity and heat, offer unique potential for DH systems, especially by providing renewable heat during peak demand periods and contributing to on-site power generation. The simultaneous capture and distribution of heat through DH systems align with the broader goals of increasing renewable penetration and enhancing energy efficiency.

Despite the interest in integrating PVT technologies with DH networks, a comprehensive understanding of design, operational strategies, and economic performance remains limited. While numerous studies have explored solar thermal and photovoltaic integration into DH, PVT integration is an emerging area, requiring a detailed synthesis of existing research to identify current knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Objective and research questions

This thesis aims to assess the feasibility and impact of integrating PVT collectors into district heating networks. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study will explore existing research and case studies to identify the potential benefits, challenges, and strategies associated with PVT-DH integration. To meet this objective, the following research questions will guide the study:  

1. What are the technical considerations and optimal configurations for integrating PVT collectors into district heating networks?

2. How does the performance of PVT-DH systems compare to other renewable DH configurations, such as solar thermal and combined heat and power (CHP)?

3. What are the economic and environmental impacts of utilizing PVT collectors in DH networks?

4. What are the main barriers to PVT-DH integration, and how can these challenges be addressed?

Methodology

A structured literature review will be conducted to address the project aim and answer the research questions. The review will focus on high-impact journals, conference proceedings, industry reports, and case studies that examine PVT technology, district heating, and renewable energy integration. Key areas of analysis will include:

1. Technical Integration: Reviewing configurations, heat storage options, and system controls to support effective integration of PVT within DH networks.

2. Performance Comparison: Synthesizing studies that evaluate PVT-DH performance relative to other renewable DH solutions, considering efficiency, reliability, and seasonal performance.

3. Economic and Environmental Impact: Examining research that assesses the cost-effectiveness, lifecycle costs, and carbon footprint of PVT-DH systems.

4. Challenges and Solutions: Identifying common barriers and summarizing proposed solutions for scaling PVT technology within district heating.

Expected outcomes

This work is anticipated to culminate in a master's thesis report that will serve as the foundation for a scientific publication. The findings may be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal (such as Solar Energy, Solar Energy Advances, or Applied Energy) or presented at a conference like the Solar World Congress 2025. Therefore, this opportunity is particularly well-suited, but not limited to, students considering pursuing a PhD after completing their studies.

Proposed time schedule

The study is expected to start in January 2024 (wk. 3) at the latest, and expected to be completed in June (wk. 23) or August (wk. 34). Intermediate reports will be due at 1/3 and 2/3 intervals, or as needed.

How to apply

This thesis is ideal for a motivated student who has a strong interest in advancing novel solar heating applications in the European market, particularly within the Nordic region. If you are interested in this project, please send your CV together with your transcript of records to fbeltran@kth.se. If you have a fellow student you would like to work with (which is encouraged), you can also apply together and we can adjust the scope of the thesis accordingly. The position will be closed as soon as a matching candidate(s) is found.

Supervisor

Examiner